Approximately 7-10% of cases of ACS are not related to atherosclerotic coronary disease. Some other causes of ACS include the following: trauma vasculitis congenital abnormalities emboli (e.g. bacterial) thoracic aortic dissection infectious diseases DIC, TTP
These conditions can produce ST-segment changes that resemble those of true STEMI or non-STEMI, and therefore some of these patients are diagnosed retrospectively after a negative catheterization.
