Four small case series (one prospective, 3 retrospective) have concluded that dexmedetomidine (Precedex) may be a useful adjunct therapy to benzodiazepines for ethanol withdrawal in the ED or ICU. They are summarized on the Academic Life in EM blog.
A new randomized, double-blind trial evaluated 24 ICU patients with severe ethanol withdrawal.
Group 1: Lorazepam + placebo
Group 2: Lorazepam + dexmedetomidine (doses of 0.4 mcg/kg/hr and 1.2 mcg/kg/hr).
24-hour lorazepam requirements were reduced from 56 mg to 8 mg in the dexmedetomidine group (p=0.037).
7-day cumulative lorazepam requirements were similar.
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment or Riker sedation-agitation scale scores were similar within 24 hours.
Bradycardia occurred more frequently in the dexmedetomidine group.
Take Home Points
Dexmedetomidine reduced short-term benzodiazepine requirements, but not long-term when using symptom-triggered approach.
Monitor for bradycardia when using dexmedetomidine.
References
Mueller SW, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose range study of dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy for alcohol withdrawal. Crit Care Med 2014;42(5):1131-9. [PMID 24351375]
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