Compartment syndrome is classically described as having the 6 Ps:
Pain out of proportion to what is expected
Pulselessness [Late finding that you hope to never see]
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
Pressure
The diagnosis of compartment syndrome can be difficult but ultimately it comes down to measuring the pressures in the area of concern. Various recommendations of the allowed pressure can be found, but in general a fasciotomy is not needed if the compartment pressure is 30 mmHg less then the diastolic pressure (The Delta 30). So if the patients diastolic pressure is 70, a fasciotomy is not need if the compartment pressure is less then 40.
Finally, if you are suspecting compartment pressure do NOT elevate the limb. Leave it in a dependent position to help improve blood flow into the limb.
