UMEM Educational Pearls

Title: Trachoma: Preventing blindness with one dose of antibiotics

Category: International EM

Keywords: trachoma, international, blindness, infection (PubMed Search)

Posted: 10/16/2013 by Andrea Tenner, MD
Click here to contact Andrea Tenner, MD

General Information:

Trachoma is the leading cause of preventable blindness caused by an infectious disease. It is spread by direct contact with people, objects, or flies carrying Chlamydia trachomatis.  Blindness occurs due to corneal scarring with repeated infections (severe scaring of the eyelid-->eyelid inversion-->repeated corneal abrasions).

Clinical Presentation:

-Mild: Hypopigmented follicles on the inner eyelid; Moderate: inner eyelid scarring/eyelash inversion; Severe: corneal scarring/blindness (irreversible)

Diagnosis:

- Clinical: eyelid eversion and careful examination looking for the above

Treatment:

- Azithromycin 20mg/kg ONE TIME DOSE (preferred)

- 1% Tetracycline ointment bid x6 weeks

- If scarring or eyelid inversion is present, surgery is needed.

Bottom Line:

Trachoma is a clinical diagnosis and easy to treat early with a single dose of antibiotics.  Patients with late findings should be referred for surgery.

University of Maryland Section of Global Emergency Health

Author: Andi Tenner, MD, MPH, FACEP

References

 

Trachoma control: a guide for programme managers. World Health Organization. 2006. Accessed on 16 Oct 2013 at: http://www.who.int/blindness/publications/tcm%20who_pbd_get_06_1.pdf