A recent retrospective study reviewed the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients presenting with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage over a 10-year period. After reviewing 1,665 patients, the authors found that:
The development of ARDS occurred in approximately 27% of patients with spontaneous ICH (similiar to previous literature).
The incidence ARDS after spontaneous ICH was similiar to other "high-risk" conditions such as sepsis, trauma, & aspiration.
Modifiable risk factors include: high tidal volume ventilation, higher total fluid balance, & transfusion of PRBCs/FFP.
It's of particular importance to note that high tidal volume ventilation (>8cc/kg) was the single greatest modifiable factor for the development of ARDS.
Bottom line: Try and use lung-protective ventilation strategies (6-8cc/kg idealbody weight) and avoid excessive volume resuscitation in your critically-ill patients whenever possible. Even in cases of isolated intracerebral hemorrhage - where the patient's lungs may appear to be completely normal - traditional tidal volume settings may be harmful.
References
Elmer J, Hou P, Wilcox SR, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Crit Care Med; 2013 Aug; 41(8): 1992-2001.
